South Africa essays

South Africa essays South Africa is the southernmost part of the continent of Africa. It is one of the earth's oldest and stable landmasses. This is why there are no folded mountain ranges. The only mountain ranges that are similar to that kind of range, would be those in the southern tip. This is where the north-south ranges meet an east-west range in the Paarl area. The rest of the country has been slightly pitted so that interior lakes like the Okovango Delta have no outlet to the sea. Most of the country is at an elevation of 3,000 to 6,500 feet above sea level. South Africa lies north of 35 S latitude and is surrounded on three sides by the Indian and Atlantic oceans. Two large high-pressure areas control the weather in South Africa brought over by both of the oceans, in the winter a belt of depressions moves northward to bring rains to the south. During the summer moist tropical air masses migrate southward, bringing frequent thunderstorms. There are not many rivers in South Africa, and those few are not navigable. The unpredictable rainfall makes drought in the areas a very common problem. The towns and cities cannot depend on a consistent source of water for the year. Water supplies for both the town and the country must be very well planned, so there is no drought. Wells are usually the source for irrigation and general water supply in the countryside, however the urban and industrialized areas need the use of dams. On the major rivers of South Africa it is easy to see many of the plus 360 dams that have been built. These are easily found on the Orange, Vaal, Limpopo, and the Tugela rivers. Many of the dams provide hydroelectric power to the national electricity grid. Located on the upper Orange River are two of the largest dams in South Africa. The Lesotho Highlands Water Project was developed to supply water to the Transvaal industrial area by mid 1990's. Even though there are an abundant amount of dams in the country, t...

John Tyler - Tenth President of the United States

John Tyler - Tenth President of the United States John Tyler was born on March 29, 1790 in Virginia. Not much is known about his childhood though he grew up on a plantation in Virginia. His Mother died when he was only seven. At twelve, he entered the College of William and Mary Preparatory School. He graduated from the College proper in 1807. He then studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1809. Family Ties Tylers father, John, was a planter and  supporter of the American Revolution. He was a friend of Thomas Jefferson and politically active. His mother,  Mary Armistead - died when Tyler was seven. He had five sisters and two brothers. On March 29, 1813, Tyler married  Letitia Christian. She served briefly as First Lady before suffering a stroke and dying while he was president. Together she and Tyler had seven children: three sons and four daughters. On June 26, 1844, Tyler married Julia Gardner while he was president. She was 24 while he was 54. Together they had five sons and two daughters.   John Tyler's Career Before the Presidency From 1811-16, 1823-5, and 1838-40, John Tyler was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates. In 1813, he did join the militia but never saw action. In 1816, Tyler was elected to be a U.S. Representative. He strongly opposed every move towards power for the Federal government that he saw as unconstitutional. He eventually resigned. He was Governor of Virginia from 1825-7 until he was elected a U.S. Senator. Becoming President John Tyler was the Vice President under William Henry Harrison in the election of 1840. He was chosen to balance the ticket since he was from the South. He took over upon Harrisons quick demise after only one month in office. He was sworn in on April 6, 1841 and did not have a Vice President because no provisions had been made in the Constitution for one. In fact, many tried to claim that Tyler was actually only Acting President. He fought against this perception and won legitimacy. Events and Accomplishments of John Tyler's Presidency In 1841, John Tylers entire cabinet except for Secretary of State Daniel Webster resigned. This was due to his vetoes of laws creating the Third Bank of the United States. This went against his partys policy. After this point, Tyler had to operate as president without a party behind him. In 1842, Tyler agreed to and Congress ratified the Webster-Ashburton Treaty with Great Britain. This set the boundary between Maine and Canada. The border was agreed upon all the way to Oregon. President Polk would deal in his administration with the Oregon border. 1844 brought the Treaty of Wanghia. According to this treaty, America gained the right to trade in Chinese ports. America also gained the right of extraterritoriality with U.S. citizens were not under the jurisdiction of Chinese law. In 1845, three days before leaving office, John Tyler signed into law the joint resolution allowing for the annexation of Texas. Importantly, the resolution extended 36 degrees 30 minutes as the mark dividing free and slave states through Texas. Post Presidential Period John Tyler did not run for reelection in 1844. He retired to his farm in Virginia and later served as Chancellor of the College of William and Mary. As the Civil War approached, Tyler spoke for secession. He was the only president to join the Confederacy. He died on January 18, 1862 at the age of 71. Historical Significance Tyler was important first of all for setting the precedent of his becoming president as opposed to just Acting President for the rest of his term. He was not able to accomplish much in his administration due to the lack of party support. However, he did sign the annexation of Texas into law. Overall, he is considered to be a sub-par president.

Toward a Personology of the Consumer by Hans Baumgartner Essay

Toward a Personology of the Consumer by Hans Baumgartner - Essay Example The main objective of the study undertaken by Hans Baumgartner is to be able to present a certain perspective on the personology of the consumer. It can be considered as the main basis of the study on the personality psychology. In the achievement of such level of knowledge, the main determinants of consumer behavior can be achieved. The study presented can be considered as a library-based description and exploration of the established concept and updates regarding the research on consumer behavior. It can be considered advantageous in the determination and evaluation of the amount of knowledge in the said field. Consequently, the results gathered in the said field can be considered limited, for that matter, the aims of the said study can be essential to serve as a stimulus for further research. Based on the Handbook of Consumer Behavior, as quoted by the author, the limited information on the determination of the consumer behavior is based on the probabilistic models of the choices that are made by consumers, the neo-Pavlovian conditioning and the role of psychophysiology in consumer research. These concepts can be considered as influences on the choices made by the consumers. Although this is the case, the said concepts are not considered to cover the main personality and behavior of the consumers (Baumgartner , 2002). Based on the point of view of the author, the personality of the consumers can be distinctly identified from the choices that they can make regarding the different products in the market. This can be considered probable since different personalities can be stereotypically judged to have different preference and needs. Choices can be at some point considered as a narrow precept in the determination of the consumer behavior.

Discussion Topics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Discussion Topics - Essay Example The act was meant to raise taxes as a strategy to cut down on people’s spending and hence increase the recovery process. However, the measure had insignificant effects on the economy since it targeted businesses, which were already closing down. The worst impacts of the depression were felt on October 29, 1929 when the stock market closed its doors for the first time in what came to be known as the black Tuesday. Most economists attribute the great depression with the fall of stock prices that occurred in the US before it spread to the rest of the world. Having witnessed the impacts of the great depressions, Americans were fearful about similar occurrences. Fear from the great depression hindered people from achieving their financial targets and investing. People were scared about banking and saving in general. On December 7, 1941, Japan launched a surprise attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. This thrust America into World War II, and for the next four years. The war occurred during the era of the great depression when America was experiencing massive unemployment. Following the outbreak of the war, the position of women in the society is likely to have been reviewed. As men were recruited into the military, millions of women were left to take care of their families. Some of them took male dominated jobs in the manufacturing and construction industries. In addition, most women took leadership positions in their families as their husbands died in the war. The war changed the role of women in the society and compelled them to take male dominated positions such as politics. Entry of women into politics is also likely to have started during this

Intermediate accounting Essay Example for Free

Intermediate accounting Essay 1. Distinguish between perpetual and periodic inventory system. Why conduct physical inventory? When should, if any a physical inventory count occur? Perpetual inventory system is a system for determining the cost of goods sold by keeping continuous records of the physical inventory as goods are bought and sold. In other words, under the perpetual inventory system – records are kept of the quantity and usually the cost of individual items of inventory throughout the year, as items are bought and sold. The cost of goods sold is recorded as goods are transferred to customers, and the inventory balance is kept current throughout the year, as items are bought and sold. The physical inventory is important because it is an actual amount of all merchandise on hand at the end of an accounting period. The actual physical count of the product must occur after the Pre-Physical Inventory update is run.   It means that no movements of the product can occur until after the actual count is done.   In other words the product is frozen until a physical count is done on the item.   After the actual count the movement of the individual item within the product group can resume while other products are being count. In periodic inventory system, it is a system for determining the cost of goods sold by deducting the ending inventory (based on a physical count of the inventory) from the beginning inventory plus total purchases over the period. 2. Intangible assets have two main characteristics. They lack physical existence and they are not financial instruments. Costs incurred internally to create intangibles are generally expensed as incurred. Explain the procedure for amortizing intangible assets. Intangible assets are a long-term assets that have no physical substance but have a value based on rights or privileges that accrue to the owner. Intangible assets  dont have the obvious physical value of a  factory or equipment; they can prove very valuable for a firm and can be critical to its long-term success or failure. For example, a company such as Coca-Cola wouldn’t be nearly as  successful was it not for the high value obtained through its brand-name recognition. Although brand recognition is not a physical asset you can see or touch, its positive effects on bottom-line profits can prove extremely valuable to firms such as Coca-Cola, whose brand strength drives global sales year after year. In FASB STATEMENT NO. 142, the useful life of certain intangible assets is difficult to judge, particularly assets that involve contracted or other legally set terms. Companies use the useful life of assets to guide their decisions on whether or not to amortize them on their financial statements. The key factor in determining whether to amortize an â€Å"other† intangible asset is its useful life. If it is indefinite, the asset is not amortized. Although the question of whether an asset’s useful life is definite or indefinite may seem straightforward, certain intangibles—particularly those that are a result of contracted or other legally set terms—are difficult to judge. Prior to the issuance of FASB Statement no. 142, the maximum useful life of an intangible asset was 40 years. Could an asset a company was amortizing over a useful life of less than 40 years now have an indefinite life under Statement no. 142? The answer is â€Å"maybe.† Prior to its implementation companies may not have taken all of the three criteria in Statement no. 142—renewability, costs and modifications—into account in making amortization decisions. Further, it was not an option for an asset to have an indefinite useful life, regardless of how a company evaluated the criteria before Statement no. 142. The limit was 40 years. The bottom line? Even those intangibles that weren’t assigned the full 40-year useful life prior to Statement no. 142 should be evaluated against the statement’s criteria. They may have indefinite useful lives as well. References http://www.sdc.on.ca/sdc6/help/Physical%20Inventory%20Process.htm Jennefer M. Mueller. Journal of Accountancy: Amortization of Certain Intangible Assets. DECEMBER 2004 / Volume 198, Number 6.

Algae :: Sea weed

Recently, I interviewed someone from the Island of Orkney, off the northern shore of Scotland. He described the seas as being nutrient rich and crystal clear. Traditionally, sea weed, (called sea vegetables in Scotland) has been used for herbal remedies, food products, animal food, cosmetics, and fertilizers. Two of the major species I was informed of were Laminaria, and Carrageen Chondrus crispus (Irish moss). Laminaria, (commonly called "kelp") has it has the ability to re-growth extremely fast, making it an almost infinitely sustainable crop. Auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins exist in large amounts, which are used for animal food supplements. Laminaria is the main seaweed used in Scotland, but Red-weed, green-weed, purple-weed, and pinkweed each with its own unique benefits. The various species are used for health products, cosmetics and natural fertilizers for gardens. The seaweed is currently used for animal and human consumption. Red seaweed gel is used for respiratory problems in animals, (particularly horses), and green seaweed gel, is used as an animal food supplement for growth and minerals. For human consumption, Red seaweed extract is used as a general tonic and Red seaweed beautifying cream and a seaweed skin rub for sports people. An interesting fact is that Orkney Gold's Seaweed Supreme won The Scottish Food Award in 1995 and 1996. It is made of different flavored kelp dips which can be substituted for tartar sauce, horse radish, mint sauce, dips for French fries, spread for sandwiches and salad dressings. The old Norse word for seaweed is ‘tang’ and ‘gathering ther tangs’, as it used to wash up on the beaches after each winter storm. It was also the only form of land nutrition available to the crofters and early farmers.

Constructive Discharge

Toy Company Memo To:CEO From:Ken Dilger CC: Date:1/22/2012 Re:Employee Lawsuit In 1964 Congress passed a Civil Rights law that outlawed major forms for discrimination against African Americans and women. One of the major features of this law was Title VII which prohibits discrimination by employers on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of l964 prohibits employers from discriminating against individuals because of their religion in hiring, firing, and other terms and conditions of employment. The basics of Title VII are that employers may not treat employees more or less favorably because of their religion and employees cannot be required to participate or refrain from participating in a religious activity as a condition of employment. In Title VII, employers must reasonably accommodate its employee’s religious beliefs and practices unless doing so would create an undue hardship on the employer. A reasonable accommodation is one that eliminates the employee’s conflict between his religious practices and work requirements and that does not cause an undue hardship for the employer (Rel, 2011). These accommodations range from the employee needing a day for their Holy Sabbath day, wanting to wear religious garb to work or having flexible work schedules to accommodate religious Holidays. When an employee asks for an accommodation the employer may not simply refuse to do so. If the request is not in best interest of the company because it would result in an undue hardship, the employer must prove the undue hardship that the company would incur. An undue hardship to the company would include anything other than minimal cost to accommodate the religious practice by the employee. Company Response My recommendation on how to respond is that it was never our intent to create a workplace environment so intolerable that our employees would quit. If the employee thought that the change in schedule was so intolerable why didn’t they file a complaint with their manager? Our records show that there was never a verbal or a written complaint with anyone in management. We can also state the fact that no reasonable person would quit their job over a work schedule that allows them to pick which 4 days of the work week can work. This schedule should actually help them avoid a conflict with working on a religious holiday throughout the year. If the employee does not to drop the lawsuit, there are past precedents showing that their lawsuit, based on constructive discharge, will be very hard for them to win. An employee must prove, prima facia, that they have had their rights violated under the religious accommodation rules of Title VII. They must show that they had a bona fide religious belief that conflicts with an employment requirement, that their employer was made aware of the conflict and that they were subjected to an adverse action not complying with the employment requirement. In this lawsuit the employee did none of the three things mentioned above. Proving a constructive discharge claim will be very hard for the employee to do. There are legal precedents showing that like court case Tepper vs Potter (2007) who have failed to show prima facie in their lawsuits when they claim constructive discharge over their religious holiday suits. C 1 LEGAL REFERENCE #1: In Cosme v Henderson, the employee asked for a Monday thru Friday work schedule for his mail route and it was granted by his boss. When the schedule changed to add Saturdays to his mail route, his boss told him not to change his schedule due to his religious beliefs. The employee did change his schedule to work on Saturday and then filed a constructive discharge claim against the company. The courts ruled in favor of the employer due to their reasonable efforts to accommodate the employee. This supports my recommendation that since the employee never filed a complaint then there was no way for us to accommodate a religious belief conflict. 2: In Brenner v Diagnostic Center Hospital, Mr. Brenner, an Orthodox Jew, was allowed to switch his work shifts with other employees to accommodate his Jewish Holiday schedule. Later that year Brener failed to exchange work shifts and did not appear for work when he was required to. He later resigned sighting constructive discharge due to the affect the company would not accommodate his Jewish Holiday schedule. The courts ruled in favor of the Defendant based on their effort t o accommodate his schedule. The case supports my statement that the company’s new work schedule is flexible enough to allow all employees to meet their religious holiday schedule. #3: In Goldmeier v AllState INS, the Goldmeier’s who are Orthodox Jews could not work on Saturdays during the winter months when AllState changed their corporate policy on their work schedule. AllState did not allow an exception when the Goldmeiers asked for one due to the new work schedule. When the Goldmeiers informed AllState about the constructive discharge lawsuit, AllState then allowed them to work on Sunday to make up for their religious conflict on Saturday. The court ruled in favor of AllState on the facts that the employee did not prove prima facia in their lawsuit and that AllState did not intend to create a hostile work environment when changing the work schedule. This supports my recommendation that since the employee did not file a complaint with upper management that they have no claim of constructive discharge. The case also supports my statement that we did not intend to create a hostile environment to make employees quit but rather to accommodate production. C2 LEGAL RECOMMENDATION My first recommendation to avoid lawsuits in the future is to implement a formal complaint system for the employees to use to communicate to management about workplace conditions that they think are unfair. This will help the company correct any problems before they turn into lawsuits. Another recommendation that I would make is not to use a change in workplace environment or schedule to get employees to resign rather than having to fire them. Doing this can lead to a bad workplace environment for management employees who are in place to enforce this rule. My last recommendation is to have an exit interview with anyone leaving the company. This will allow the employee to give insight on why they are leaving and to make sure there are no ill will towards the company. . References Brener v Diagnostic Center Hospital, 671 F. 2d 141, (5th Cir, 1982) Cosme v Henderson, 287, F. 3d 152, 158 (2d Cir, 2002) Goldmeier v AllState Insurance Company, 337, F. 3d 629 (6th Cir, 2003) Religious Accommodation in the Workplace: Your Rights and Obligations, Anti-Defamation League, New York, New York, (2011). Constructive Discharge Constructive Discharge occurs when an employee’s working conditions are considered to be so bad due to a policy or enforcement of that policy that the employee feels compelled to resign from the employer. This Constructive Discharge claim was filed under the section of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 after a work schedule policy change took place. The employee filed this claim post-resignation. This employee has claimed that the change is religious discrimination due to requiring that he work on a religious holy day. To make note to the case, please keep in mind that this employee resigned after the policy took effect at the beginning of the year. Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 it is prohibited for any employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. This is in regards to any current or former employee. The term â€Å"religion† includes all religious observances, practices, and beliefs. For this case to be proven as religious discrimination under Title VII, the employee must show that he: (1) holds a sincere religious belief that conflicts with an employment requirement; (2) has informed the employer about the conflict; and (3) has been discharged, disciplined or subjected to discriminatory treatment for failing to comply with the conflicting employment requirement. Title VII states that it is the employer’s obligation to reasonably accommodate requests by staff members to practice their sincerely held religious beliefs and observances. For this case, â€Å"Reasonably means that accommodating these practices would not cause hardship or conflict with normal business operations.

Visual Data Displays and Uses in Decision Making

Visual Data Displays and Uses in Decision Making Ronya Bentz, Lasondra Defreeze, Terri Dougherty, Grace Zhao HCS/438 September 24, 2012 Gerald Rintals Visual Data Displays and Uses in Decision Making Studying the measures of central tendency will help to verify if these measures of central tendency for the given data are correct. The information will assist in predicting specific health issues and interventions needed to improve health care. The measure of variation produces a conclusion through the Tele-care monitoring system.The types of central tendency conducted in this study were the mean and median. The description of data in this study uses the five-number summary. Variables were also used to predict key medical events and interventions, based on significance. According to Biddiss, Brownsell, Hawley (2009), â€Å"the data analysis was conducted using statistical software and logistic regression was used to predict the occurrence of key medical events/interventions taken from health care logs of health-care workers. Biddiss, Brownsell, Hawley 2009’s articles explain examples in the text are as follows: The 45 patients studied a total of 8576 alerts were generated. A total of 171 medical events which included the mean number of medical events for the year which was 3. 5, the median 2, and the quartile ranged between 1- 4. The mean average of key alerts per year was 49, with a median of 49, and an interquartile range of 47-51. The average percentage of total alerts that were medical events was 6. 4% with a median of 4 and an interquartile range of 1. 4-8 (p. 227-228).Because the focus of the study determined the average need for medical intervention in congestive heart failure, the use of the measure of central tendency is correct in this study. According to Bennett, Briggs, & Thiola, (2009), â€Å"variation is a measure of how much the data values are spread out. A distribution in which most data are clustered together has a low variation. † (p. 16). In the article, â€Å"predicting need for intervention in individuals with congestive heart failure using a home-based Tele-care monitoring system for 18 months† (Biddiss, Brownsell, & Hawley, 2009, p. 9); the authors monitored 45 elderly individuals with congestive heart failure who entered daily information, based of individual symptoms and health status. There are 14 variables to enter and generate the alert system. Systolic blood pressure| 2541| Heart rate| 1822| Daytime shortness of breath| 803| Need for extra pillows| 576| Night time shortness of breath| 480| Cough| 441| Weight gain| 422| Bloated stomach | 387| Dizziness| 339| Medication adherence| 327| Swollen ankles| 248| Angina| 191| Anxiety| 10| Urine excretion| Eight total alerts 8576| Biddiss, Brownsell, & Hawley, 2009, p. 29). As the data describes, the systolic blood pressure most triggered the alert system. It produced nearly 30% of the total alerts and the heart rate almost 9%. †¢Average of aler ts for 14 characteristics: 612 †¢Median: 405 †¢Distribution is right –skewed because the values are more spread to the right side. The graphing of a bell curve is the representation of the standard normal distribution. Also the table shows the mean value is zero and the standard deviation is one (Bennett, Briggs, & Triola, 2009).In Figure 2 of the study, the values are not depicted by normal distribution as they deviate greatly from the mean. This shows there is no symmetry in the values represented and displays too many variables. Because the study is measuring various variables not necessarily related to one another, it would follow that standard normal distribution would not apply in this study. The results of this study show factors of individuals who took part reported different symptoms and clinicians monitoring these concerns had determined if medical intervention was necessary.Heart rate, blood pressure, and weight were also considered and compared with the data reported by the participants. Because the study relied heavily on self-reporting by the participants, many of the variables were subject to embellishment. The clinical data supports reports of declining health, but in some cases may not correlate with information reported. The conclusions of the study are favorable, as increased monitoring of patients with chronic heart failure may result in occasional interventions that are not neccessary.This study provides an improvement in the knowledge of the patient’s condition and reaction to treatment. Reference Bennett. Briggs. , & Trola (2009). Statistical reasoning for everyday life, (3rd) Chapter 4: Describing Data. Retrieved from www. University of Phoenix. edu. Library database. Biddiss, E. , Brownsell, S. , & Hawley, M. S. (2009, March). Predicting need for intervention in individuals. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 15(5), 226-231. University of Phoenix Library Telecare; 2009, 15:226-231. Retrieved from www. Univers ity of Phoenix . edu. Library database.

How to Study for Fill in the Blank Tests

How to Study for Fill in the Blank Tests Of all the test question  types, fill-in questions may be the most feared. But this type of question doesnt have to give you an immediate brain drain. There is an effective strategy for preparing for this type of test question. In most cases, the best tool for test preparation is great class notes. When you take good notes from your teachers lecture, you usually have about 85% of the material youll need to prepare for any type of test,  right on hand. Most teachers create tests straight from their lecture notes. When preparing for a fill-in test, your class notes are even more important than ever. If you have been able to record your teachers notes word for word, you may have some fill-in phrases for the test right in front of you already. If youre preparing for a fill-in-the-blank test right now, pull out those class notes and try one of these two study strategies. Strategy 1: Leave Out a Word The great thing about this method is that it actually prepares you for all types of questions. Youll find that this method makes it easy to answer most any essay question, as well as the fill-ins. Read over your class notes and underline new terms, important dates, noteworthy phrases, and the names of key people.Put parentheses around the sentence that contains your key word or phrase.Copy each sentence onto a clean sheet of paper, leaving out the key word or phrase.Leave a blank space where they key word or phrase should go.At the bottom of the paper  containing your sentence (or on a separate page), make a list of the key words and phrases. This will serve as your key.Read over your sentences and attempt to fill in the blanks with correct answers in very light pencil. Consult your notes when necessary.Erase your work and continue this process until you can answer all your fill-in questions with ease.For insurance, read through the relevant chapters in your text to find any words or phrases you didnt find in your notes.Go through the same process of copying sentences and filling in the answers until they all come easily. Strategy 2: Dry Erase Practice Test You can create your own reusable practice test by using the following steps. Make a photocopy of your class notes or textbook pages.White out key words, dates, and definitions.Slip the new page with blank spaces into a plastic sheet protector.Use a dry erase pen to fill in answers. You can easily wipe away your answers to practice again and again.

Using Notepad for PHP

Using Notepad for PHP You dont need any fancy programs to work with the PHP programming language. PHP code is written in plain text. All Windows computers including those running Windows 10 come with a program called Notepad that creates and modifies plain-text documents. Saving PHP Documents In your text editor, just save the PHP source code with a PHP extension. Windows may or may not recognize PHP as a valid system file type, but it doesnt matter. You generally dont want Windows to attempt to execute a PHP script. You could, however, associate PHP as a file type that your favorite text editor manages, so double-clicking a PHP file will open it in that editor. Media Files Saved as PHP Some browser plugins that download media from web pages will incorrectly capture the media files correct extension. The file will save with the correct name, but with a PHP extension. This glitch occurs only occasionally and stems from the media file sourcing from a PHP-enabled page. All you need to do is change the PHP extension to something like MP4. Video-playback programs like VLC accept the MP4 extension without complaining, even if the underlying video type is something else. Writing PHP Unlike some programming and scripting languages, PHP is not sensitive to indentations. Therefore, any indentations you make to your PHP code to aid your readibility are fine. Other Programs to Edit PHP Files Notepad is simple, but its not the only choice. Mac users can use TextEdit. Hardcore programmers (usually, on Linux) rely on environments like Emacs or Vim. Better than using a text editor - which, by design, just edits text, without additional functionality - is to use a text editor optimized for coding. On the Windows platform, programs like Visual Studio Code, BB Edit, UltraEdit, and Notepad not only edit your text but can lint (analyze for errors) and format your code with special colors and related visual cues.

Amendments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Amendments - Essay Example Prior to these amendments, some states had already made their own ratifications of the constitutional contingents, which prompted the need to limit the powers of the federal government with regard to investigation, prosecution and punishment of crime (Calvin, 2009). The original constitution offered very little provisions touching on criminal processes (Calvin, 2009). A majority of the constitutional amendments were mainly focused on addressing issues relating to criminal processes. Fifteen of the twenty six rights contained in the first eight amendments to the constitution focus mainly on addressing the criminal and judicial processes. These amendments were created based on a perspective that emerged in the late 18th century about individual rights. Initially, the amendments were meant to only be applicable to the federal government, but with time, states started adopting most of the provisions in the amendments (David & James, 2008). In order to fully understand the impact of these amendments on the judicial processes in both juvenile and adult courts, it is important to first and foremost understand the phrase â€Å"principles of due process† as used in the 5th amendment (John, 2006). Due process of law implies that all laws be applied equally and fairly to all American citizens, and most importantly those suspected to have committed crimes. The fourth amendment protects citizens from unreasonable seizures and searches of their houses, and their property (John, 2006). This amendment limits the powers of the central government when conducting criminal investigations. The government cannot unlawfully enter a suspect’s house or any of his or her property, papers among other things to look for evidence. Search warranties supported by affirmation or Oath have to be issued so as to enable the police to conduct searches. Interpretations of the amendment by the Supreme Court restricted police searches and seizures only to the suspect’s bodies an d clothes, the things they have in plain sight, the places or things that the accused is in control or which he could reach and property where the police strongly suspect that a person could be in danger (Calvin, 2009). This amendment had a great impact on criminal proceedings. It restricted the powers of the government in investigating crimes (Calvin, 2009). The amendment made it unlawful for the federal police to break in to suspect’s houses with the intention of searching and seizing some of the property purported to provide evidence of a crime. The police need to follow certain procedures, including obtaining a search warrants so as to be able to conduct houses and properties belonging to criminal suspects. The Fifth Amendment protects individuals from ‘double jeopardy’ (Calvin, 2009). This refers to the process of initiating a second trial for a person suspected to have committed the same crime. This amendment requires that before a person is any serious cri minal offence, there must be a thorough investigation by the jury linking him to the offense. This amendment also gives the defendant in a court process the right not to testify against himself, commonly known as the right to remain silent. The main intention of the